Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
Iclaprim is a bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor in Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of acute bacterial skin\nand skin structure infections and hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Daptomycin,\nlinezolid, and vancomycin are commonly used antibiotics for these indications. With increased selective pressure to these\nantibiotics, outbreaks of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics have been reported. This in vitro pilot study evaluated the activity\nof iclaprim against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, which were also not susceptible to daptomycin,\nlinezolid, or vancomycin. Iclaprim had an MIC ââ?°Â¤ 1 Ã?¼g/ml to the majority of MRSA isolates that were nonsusceptible to daptomycin\n(5 of 7 (71.4%)), linezolid (26 of 26 (100%)), or vancomycin (19 of 28 (66.7%)). In the analysis of time-kill curves, iclaprim\ndemonstrated ââ?°Â¥ 3 log10 reduction in CFU/mL at 4ââ?¬â??8 hours for tested strains and isolates nonsusceptible to daptomycin, linezolid,\nor vancomycin. Together, these data support the use of iclaprim in serious infections caused by MRSA nonsusceptible to\ndaptomycin, linezolid, or vancomycin....
Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern as new mechanisms of resistance are emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in prolonged illness, disability and even death. The study was focused on comparing the effectiveness of amoxicillin alone and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium in combination by checking the sensitivity/resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. S. aureus NCIM 5021 and E.coli NCIM 2118 were used as reference strains in the study. All the strains were subjected to susceptibility test by agar-well diffusion method and the resistance/sensitivity pattern was interpreted as per NCCLS guidelines....
Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis in outpatients is commonly treated with oral fluoroquinolones; however, the worldwide\ndissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli has resulted in therapeutic failures with fluoroquinolones. We\nreviewed the literature regarding the use of oral fosfomycin in the treatment of acute and chronic prostatitis caused by MDR\nE. coli. All English-language references on PubMed from 1986 to June 2017, inclusive, were reviewed from the search\nââ?¬Å?fosfomycin prostatitis.ââ?¬Â Fosfomycin demonstrates potent in vitro activity against a variety of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli\ngenotypes/phenotypes including ciprofloxacin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant, extended-spectrum Ã?²-lactamase-\n(ESBL-) producing, and MDR isolates. Fosfomycin attains therapeutic concentrations (ââ?°Â¥4 Ã?¼g/g) in uninflamed prostatic tissue and\nmaintains a high prostate/plasma ratio up to 17 hours after oral administration. Oral fosfomycinââ?¬â?¢s clinical cure rates in the\ntreatment of bacterial prostatitis caused by antimicrobial-resistant E. coli ranged from 50 to 77%with microbiological eradication\nrates of >50%. An oral regimen of fosfomycin tromethamine of 3 gÃ?·q 24 h for one week followed by 3gÃ?·q 48 h for a total treatment\nduration of 6ââ?¬â??12 weeks appeared to be effective. Oral fosfomycin may represent an efficacious and safe treatment for acute and\nchronic prostatitis caused by MDR E. coli....
The outbreaks of pseudorabies have been frequently reported in Bartha-K61-vaccinated farms in China since 2011. To study the\npathogenicity and evolution of the circulating pseudorabies viruses in Fujian Province, mainland China, we isolated and sequenced the\nwhole genome of a wild-type pseudorabies virus strain named ââ?¬Å?FJ-2012.ââ?¬Â We then conducted a few downstream bioinformatics\nanalyses including phylogenetic analysis and pathogenic analysis and used the virus to infect 6 pseudorabies virus-free piglets. FJ-2012-\ninfected piglets developed symptoms like high body temperature and central nervous system disorders and had high mortality rate. In\naddition, we identified typical micropathological changes such as multiple gross lesions in infected piglets through pathological\nanalysis and conclude that the FJ-2012 genome is significantly different from known pseudorabies viruses, in which insertions,\ndeletions, and substitutions are observed in multiple immune and virulence genes. In summary, this study shed lights on the molecular\nbasis of the prevalence and pathology of the pseudorabies virus strain FJ-2012.The genome of FJ-2012 could be used as a reference to\nstudy the evolution of pseudorabies viruses, which is critical to the vaccine development of new emerging pseudorabies viruses....
The main objective of this study was determining the prevalence and antibiotics resistance pattern of Salmonella and Shigella\nsp. from diarrheal patients attending Nekemte Referral Hospital. A total of 422 patients were included in the study and their\nsociodemographic and clinical information was collected using questionnaire. Stool samples of the patients were collected and\nprocessed following standard bacteriological protocols. Presumptive colonies of Salmonella and Shigella species were identified and\nsubcultured to their respective genera by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates was tested using disk\ndiffusion assay.The prevalences of Salmonella and Shigella sp. among the patientswere 7.1% and 2.1%, respectively.The antimicrobial\nsusceptibility test results of the isolates showed that they are highly resistant to amoxicillin (30 ...
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbiologically coordinated process with dynamic relationships between bacterial players. Current\nunderstanding of dynamic changes in the bacterial composition during the AD process is incomplete.The objective of this research\nwas to assess changes in bacterial community composition that coordinates with anaerobic codigestion of microalgal biomass\ncultivated on municipal wastewater. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used to achieve high rates of microalgae\ndecomposition and biogas production. Samples of the sludge were collected throughout AD and extracted DNA was subjected to\nnext-generation sequencing using methanogenmcrA gene specific and universal bacterial primers. Analysis of the data revealed that\nsamples taken at different stages of AD had varying bacterial composition. A group consisting of Bacteroidales, Pseudomonadales,\nand Enterobacteriales was identified to be putatively responsible for the hydrolysis of microalgal biomass. The methanogenesis\nphase was dominated by Methanosarcina mazei. Results of observed changes in the composition of microbial communities during\nAD can be used as a road map to stimulate key bacterial species identified at each phase of AD to increase yield of biogas and rate\nof substrate decomposition. This research demonstrates a successful exploitation of methane production from microalgae without\nany biomass pretreatment....
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